Running and visualising a PROCESS scan¶

Perform a parameter scan for a given input file and plot the results.

Scan details¶

The input file is a scan-enabled version of the large tokamak IN.DAT, as found in the tests directory. The scan-relevant values are:

nsweep = 17 * b_tf_inboard_max, maximum peak toroidal field (T) (`constraint equation 25`)
isweep = 6
sweep = 11., 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 11.8, 12.

nsweep: integer denoting the variable to scan (see scan_module for options). Here 17 corresponds to b_tf_inboard_max being scanned
isweep: the number of scan points to run
sweep: array of values for the scanned variable to take; one for each run. Should be of length isweep

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from pathlib import Path

from process.main import SingleRun, setup_loggers

# setup the loggers so that the output is not spammed with model errors/warnings
setup_loggers()

data_dir = Path("data")
input_name = data_dir / "scan_example_file_IN.DAT"
# Perform a SingleRun on a scan-enabled input file
single_run = SingleRun(str(input_name), solver="vmcon_bounded")
single_run.run()
from pathlib import Path

from process.main import SingleRun, setup_loggers

# setup the loggers so that the output is not spammed with model errors/warnings
setup_loggers()

data_dir = Path("data")
input_name = data_dir / "scan_example_file_IN.DAT"
# Perform a SingleRun on a scan-enabled input file
single_run = SingleRun(str(input_name), solver="vmcon_bounded")
single_run.run()

The IN.DAT file does not contain any obsolete variables.
 
**************************************************************************************************************
************************************************** PROCESS ***************************************************
************************************** Power Reactor Optimisation Code ***************************************
**************************************************************************************************************
 
Version : 3.2.1
Git Tag : v3.2.2-14-g1448faf3
Git Branch : main
Date : 05/12/2025 UTC
Time : 18:09
User : runner
Computer : runnervmoqczp
Directory : /home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/examples
Input : /home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/examples/data/scan_example_file_IN.DAT
Run title : Generic large tokamak
Run type : Reactor concept design: Pulsed tokamak model, (c) UK Atomic Energy Authority
 
**************************************************************************************************************
 
Equality constraints : 26
Inequality constraints : 0
Total constraints : 26
Iteration variables : 43
Max iterations : 200
Figure of merit : +1  -- minimise major radius          
Convergence parameter : 1e-07
 
**************************************************************************************************************
Starting scan point 1 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 11.0

/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/init.py:92: UserWarning: Lower limit of volume averaged electron temperature (temp_plasma_electron_vol_avg_kev) has been raised to ensure temp_plasma_electron_vol_avg_kev > temp_plasma_pedestal_kev
  check_process(inputs)
/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/init.py:92: UserWarning: temp_cs_superconductor_margin_min and tmargmin should not both be specified in IN.DAT temp_cs_superconductor_margin_min has been ignored
  check_process(inputs)

/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:7764: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in scalar divide
  * (nd_plasma_pedestal_electron / n_greenwald) ** -0.174

/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/costs.py:3033: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrt
  annoam = cost_variables.ucoam[cost_variables.lsa - 1] * np.sqrt(
/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/costs.py:3104: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrt
  annwst = cost_variables.ucwst[cost_variables.lsa - 1] * np.sqrt(

1 | Convergence Parameter: 2.841E+00

/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/current_drive.py:1992: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in scalar divide
  * (c_hcd_driven / p_hcd_injected)

2 | Convergence Parameter: 2.954E-01

3 | Convergence Parameter: 1.247E-01

4 | Convergence Parameter: 4.656E-02

5 | Convergence Parameter: 1.987E-02

6 | Convergence Parameter: 5.997E-05

7 | Convergence Parameter: 1.081E-09

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
Starting scan point 2 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 11.2

1 | Convergence Parameter: 3.044E-04

2 | Convergence Parameter: 1.102E-10

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
Starting scan point 3 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 11.4

1 | Convergence Parameter: 2.956E-04

2 | Convergence Parameter: 3.512E-11

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
Starting scan point 4 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 11.6

1 | Convergence Parameter: 2.864E-04

2 | Convergence Parameter: 7.695E-11

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
Starting scan point 5 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 11.8

1 | Convergence Parameter: 2.768E-04

2 | Convergence Parameter: 7.664E-11

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
Starting scan point 6 of 6 : Max_toroidal_field_(T) , b_tf_inboard_max = 12.0

1 | Convergence Parameter: 2.677E-04

2 | Convergence Parameter: 1.082E-10

 
************************************* PROCESS found a feasible solution **************************************

******************************************** Errors and Warnings *********************************************
(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/physics.py:6725) Diamagnetic fraction is more than 1%, but not calculated. Consider using i_diamagnetic_current=2 and i_pfirsch_schluter_current=1

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/tf_coil.py:246) dr_tf_plasma_case to small to accommodate the WP, forced to minimum value

(/home/runner/work/PROCESS/PROCESS/process/pfcoil.py:2385) CS not using max current density: further optimisation may be possible
 ****************************************** Scan Convergence Summary ****************************************** 

Scan 01: b_tf_inboard_max = 11.0 CONVERGED 
Scan 02: b_tf_inboard_max = 11.2 CONVERGED 
Scan 03: b_tf_inboard_max = 11.4 CONVERGED 
Scan 04: b_tf_inboard_max = 11.6 CONVERGED 
Scan 05: b_tf_inboard_max = 11.8 CONVERGED 
Scan 06: b_tf_inboard_max = 12.0 CONVERGED 

Convergence Percentage: 100.00%
 
******************************************* End of PROCESS Output ********************************************

Plot scan results¶

Use plot_scans.py to plot the resulting MFILE.DAT.

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%matplotlib inline
from process.io import plot_scans

# Define working directory relative to project dir and input file name
mfile_name = data_dir / "scan_example_file_MFILE.DAT"
output_dir = data_dir

plot_scans.main(
    args=[
        "-f",
        str(mfile_name),
        "-yv",
        "b_plasma_toroidal_on_axis rmajor p_plant_electric_net_mw p_fusion_total_mw capcost",
        "--outputdir",
        str(output_dir),
    ]
)
%matplotlib inline
from process.io import plot_scans

# Define working directory relative to project dir and input file name
mfile_name = data_dir / "scan_example_file_MFILE.DAT"
output_dir = data_dir

plot_scans.main(
    args=[
        "-f",
        str(mfile_name),
        "-yv",
        "b_plasma_toroidal_on_axis rmajor p_plant_electric_net_mw p_fusion_total_mw capcost",
        "--outputdir",
        str(output_dir),
    ]
)

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