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Fast Alpha Pressure Contribution

The pressure contribution from the fast alpha particles can be controlled using switch ifalphap. There are two options 11 and 22:

\begin{aligned} \frac{\beta_{\alpha}}{\beta_{th}} & = 0.29 \, \left( \langle T_{10} \rangle - 0.37 \right) \, \left( \frac{n_{DT}}{n_e} \right)^2 \hspace{20mm} \mbox{if alphap = 0} \\ \frac{\beta_{\alpha}}{\beta_{th}} & = 0.26 \, \left( \langle T_{10} \rangle - 0.65 \right)^{0.5} \, \left( \frac{n_{DT}}{n_e} \right)^2 \hspace{16mm} \mbox{if alphap = 1 (default)} \end{aligned}

The latter model is a better estimate at higher temperatures.


  1. T. C. Hender et al., 'Physics Assessment for the European Reactor Study', 

  2. H. Lux, R. Kemp, D.J. Ward, M. Sertoli, 'Impurity radiation in DEMO systems modelling', Fus. Eng. | Des. 101, 42-51 (2015)