FUsion Energy Lexicon
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FUsion Energy Lexicon

Release: 2024-11-06

Modified on: 2025-09-08
This version:
http://w3id.org/fuel#0.0.1
Revision:
0.0.1
Issued on:
2024-11-06
Authors:
Alejandra Gonzalez Beltran
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Evaluation:
Evaluate with OOPS!
Cite as:
Alejandra Gonzalez Beltran. FUsion Energy Lexicon. Revision: 0.0.1. Retrieved from: http://w3id.org/fuel#0.0.1
Vocabulary maintained at:
https://github.com/ukaea/fuel
Provenance of this page
active

Abstract

FUEL is a vocabulary designed to facilitate the interoperability of fusion energy data.

FUsion Energy Lexicon: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Annotation Properties

FUsion Energy Lexicon: Description back to ToC

FUsion Energy Lexicon (FUEL) is an OWL ontology for the interoperable description of fusion energy data, devices, plasmas, physical processes and other fusion energy concepts. FUEL provides a formal semantic framework for organizing fusion knowledge and it is intended to support consistent data annotation, integration, exchange, and reuse across fusion experiments, models, and computational workflows.

Cross-reference for FUsion Energy Lexicon classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by FUsion Energy Lexicon.

Classes

alpha particle populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#alpha_particle_population

has super-classes
non thermal particle population c

blanket modulec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#blanket_module

has super-classes
tokamak component c

campaignc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#campaign

A set of connected experiments that are run across a time period.

central solenoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#central_solenoid

has super-classes
magnet system c

core plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#core_plasma

has super-classes
plasma c

core regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#core_region

has super-classes
plasma region c
has sub-classes
inner core region c, outer core region c

desorbed gasc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#desorbed_gas

has super-classes
wall released species c

device componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#device_component

has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
magnet system c, tokamak component c

diagnostic portc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#diagnostic_port

has super-classes
tokamak component c

diagnosticsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#diagnostics

Equipment for determining/monitoring the properties and behaviour of a plasma during an experiment.
Source
https://www.iter.org/fusion-glossary

divertorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#divertor

In magnetic confinement fusion, a divertor is a device which extracts heat and ash from fusion plasmas by averting direct contact between the confined plasma and the main chamber wall (plasma-wall interactions).
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divertor
has super-classes
tokamak component c

divertor plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#divertor_plasma

has super-classes
plasma c

divertor tokamakc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#divertor_tokamak

is equivalent to
tokamak c and (has Component op some divertor c)
has super-classes
tokamak c

E C R H Systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#ECRHSystem

has super-classes
heating system c

edge plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#edge_plasma

has super-classes
plasma c

edge regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#edge_region

has super-classes
plasma region c

electric fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#electric_field

has super-classes
field c

electron populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#electron_population

has super-classes
thermal particle population c

fast ion populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#fast_ion_population

has super-classes
non thermal particle population c

first wallc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#first_wall

has super-classes
tokamak component c

fusion facilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#fusion_facility

A facility in which fusion experiments are conducted. Examples include the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in the US, and the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in China.

fusion reactorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#fusion_reactor

A device in which controlled thermonuclear fusion takes place, either for scientific purposes or for the production of energy. Since there are different ways to achieve fusion conditions, a fusion reactor can be a tokamak, a stellarator, a fusor or any other device in which the conditions for fusion can be achieved and maintained.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/fusion-reactor/
has super-classes
nuclear reactor c
has sub-classes
stellarator c, tokamak c

heating systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#heating_system

has super-classes
tokamak component c
has sub-classes
E C R H System c, I C R H System c, Lower Hybrid System c, neutral beam system c

I C R H Systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#ICRHSystem

has super-classes
heating system c

ideal kink stabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#ideal_kink_stability

has super-classes
MHD stability c

impurity populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#impurity_population

has super-classes
thermal particle population c

injected neutral populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#injected_neutral_population

has super-classes
neutral population c

inner core regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#inner_core_region

has super-classes
core region c

ion populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#ion_population

has super-classes
thermal particle population c

ITER Physics Data Modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#iter_pdm

ITER standardized data model
Source
https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/12/123006

kinetic stabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#kinetic_stability

has super-classes
stability c

laser induced plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#laser_induced_plasma

Laser induced plasma (LIP) is defined as a product of the complex interaction between a focused, high peak power laser beam and a target material, resulting in processes such as absorption of laser energy, vaporization, and ejection of atomic and molecular species, followed by plasma expansion and shock wave production.
Source
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/laser-induced-plasma
has super-classes
plasma c

limiterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#limiter

has super-classes
tokamak component c

Lower Hybrid Systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#LowerHybridSystem

has super-classes
heating system c

M H D Instability Processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#MHDInstabilityProcess

has super-classes
plasma instability process c

magnet systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#magnet_system

has super-classes
device component c
has sub-classes
central solenoid c, poloidal field coil c, toroidal field coil c

magnetic fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#magnetic_field

A vector field showing how magnetic forces are distributed in space. A magnetic field describes how the magnetic force at a given point in space will act on a ferromagnetic object or charged particle. In a magnetic field, the Lorentz force on a charged particle is perpendicular to both the direction of the magnetic field and its velocity. Magnetic fields surround magnetized objects, are formed around conductors through which electric current flows, or at a point with a varying electric field. It is described by the quantities B and H. B is the magnetic flux density and is given in units of tesla. A common refrigerator magnet is usually 0.001 tesla. The quantity H describes the magnetic field strength and is expressed in amperes per meter. Rotating magnetic fields are used by electrical generators in power plants. In thermonuclear fusion research, a strong magnetic field is used to confine hot plasma in tokamaks and stellarators.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/magnetic-field
has super-classes
field c

material entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#material_entity

Consider reusing to BFO:material_entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040
has sub-classes
device component c, particle population c, plasma c, wall released species c

MHD stabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#MHDstability

has super-classes
stability c
has sub-classes
ideal kink stability c

neutral beam systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#neutral_beam_system

has super-classes
heating system c

neutral populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#neutral_population

has super-classes
particle population c
has sub-classes
injected neutral population c, recycled neutral population c

neutronicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#neutronics

Neutronics (or neutron physics) is the study of neutron paths through matter, of conditions for a chain reaction, and of alterations in matter's composition induced by nuclear reactions.
Source
https://www.cea.fr/english/Pages/resources/nuclear-energy-monographs/neutronics.aspx

non thermal particle populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#non_thermal_particle_population

has super-classes
particle population c
has sub-classes
alpha particle population c, fast ion population c, runaway electron population c

nuclear reactorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#nuclear_reactor

A device inside which a controlled chain fission reaction takes place. The reactor usually has the form of a metal pressure vessel, in the middle of which the nuclear fuel is arranged in a so-called core. A coolant, whether gas or liquid, circulates through the core to dissipate the heat generated by the fission reaction. The power of the reactor is controlled by control rods that are inserted or withdrawn from the core as necessary. If the reactor uses thermal neutrons for fission, it also includes a moderator, either in the form of a liquid or a solid, which slows down the neutrons. Heat, generated by a reactor, is most commonly used. Either directly for technological purposes (e.g., hydrogen production by steam reforming) or for electricity generation by a steam turbine. The reactor can also be used to produce nuclear fuel (breeder reactor), or the strong neutron fluxes produced by the reaction can be used for research purposes or for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. There are a number of types of nuclear reactors, with the most common types used for electricity generation being water-cooled PWRs and BWRs. In 2023, there were 436 nuclear reactors in operation in the world.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/nuclear-reactor
has sub-classes
fusion reactor c

operational stabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#operational_stability

has super-classes
stability c

outer core regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#outer_core_region

has super-classes
core region c

particle populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#particle_population

has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
neutral population c, non thermal particle population c, thermal particle population c

pedestal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#pedestal_region

has super-classes
plasma region c

physics processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#physics_process

has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
plasma instability process c, plasma wall interaction process c, transport process c, turbulence process c

plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#plasma

The fourth state of matter. At extreme temperatures, electrons are separated from nuclei and a gas becomes a plasma - a hot, electrically charged gas. In a star as in a fusion device, plasmas provide the environment in which light elements can fuse and yield energy. Some 99% of the known universe is in the plasma state. Examples of plasmas include the sun, fluorescent light bulbs, and other gas-discharge tubes.
The fourth state of matter. At extreme temperatures, electrons are separated from nuclei and a gas becomes a plasma - a hot, electrically charged gas. In a star as in a fusion device, plasmas provide the environment in which light elements can fuse and yield energy. Some 99% of the known universe is in the plasma state. Examples of plasmas include the sun, fluorescent light bulbs, and other gas-discharge tubes.
Source
https://www.iter.org/fusion-glossary
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
core plasma c, divertor plasma c, edge plasma c, laser induced plasma c, scrape off layer plasma c, tokamak plasma c

plasma instability processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#plasma_instability_process

has super-classes
physics process c
has sub-classes
M H D Instability Process c

plasma regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#plasma_region

has super-classes
region c
has sub-classes
core region c, edge region c, pedestal region c, scrape off layer c, separatrix region c

plasma wall interaction processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#plasma_wall_interaction_process

has super-classes
physics process c

poloidal field coilc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#poloidal_field_coil

has super-classes
magnet system c

processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#process

consider mapping to BFO - http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015
has sub-classes
physics process c

qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#quality

consider reusing to BFO:quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019
has sub-classes
stability c

recycled neutral populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#recycled_neutral_population

has super-classes
neutral population c

regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#region

a spatial extent
has sub-classes
plasma region c

runaway electron populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#runaway_electron_population

has super-classes
non thermal particle population c

scrape off layerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#scrape_off_layer

A region at the edge of the plasma characterized by open magnetic lines that terminate at the inner parts of the chamber. In limiter tokamaks this region is located behind the last closed magnetic surface, in divertor tokamaks behind the separatrix. The particles in this region move by convection rather than diffusion and travel along the magnetic lines to the chamber walls or to the divertor, where they can be extracted by vacuum pumps.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/scrape-off-layer-sol
has super-classes
plasma region c

scrape off layer plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#scrape_off_layer_plasma

has super-classes
plasma c

separatrix regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#separatrix_region

has super-classes
plasma region c

shotc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#shot

A “shot” is any kind of experiment conducted on a test machine following defined parameters. It could be many actual firings of the machine following a variation in the parameters. So one or more “shots” make up an experiment.
Source
https://euro-fusion.org/glossary/shot/

spherical tokamakc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#spherical_tokamak

Tokamak with a low aspect ratio and a round plasma in a shape resembling a cored apple. While a conventional tokamak has a more donut-like shape with a central hole, a spherical tokamak minimizes this hole to achieve a higher compactness. A single common conductor runs through the centre of the tokamak, to which toroidal magnets in the shape of semicircles are connected. Due to its more compact shape, the spherical tokamak achieves the same plasma parameters as a conventional tokamak with a lower magnetic field. This allows it to be smaller and cheaper. Typical spherical tokamaks are the Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START) or the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST).
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/spherical-tokamak/
has super-classes
tokamak c

sputtered impurityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#sputtered_impurity

has super-classes
wall released species c

stabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#stability

consider reusing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0015026
has super-classes
quality c
has sub-classes
MHD stability c, kinetic stability c, operational stability c

stellaratorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#stellarator

A device for thermonuclear fusion research that uses a combination of differently shaped coils which together create a desired helical magnetic field to confine the hot plasma. To hold the particles in the donut-shaped magnetic container, they must circulate in spirals, once on the inside and once on the outside of the torus. The stellarator creates a suitable magnetic field by combining helical, toroidal and poloidal coils. There are many variations that use different combinations and shapes of coils (classical, heliac, heliotron, torsatron, and helias). In the most modern modular stellarators, an assembly of specially twisted coils creates the magnetic field.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/stellarator
has super-classes
fusion reactor c

thermal particle populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#thermal_particle_population

has super-classes
particle population c
has sub-classes
electron population c, impurity population c, ion population c

thermocouplec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#thermocouple

A thermocouple is a temperature-measuring device consisting of two wires of different metals joined at each end. One junction is placed where the temperature is to be measured, and the other is kept at a constant lower temperature. A measuring instrument is connected in the circuit. The temperature difference causes the development of an electromotive force (known as the Seebeck effect) that is approximately proportional to the difference between the temperatures of the two junctions. Temperature can be read from standard tables, or the measuring instrument can be calibrated to read temperature directly.
Source
https://www.britannica.com/technology/thermocouple
has super-classes
Sensor c

tokamakc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#tokamak

A device for magnetic confinement of plasma by a combination of a toroidal magnetic field and a current flowing through the plasma in which conditions for thermonuclear fusion ignition can be achieved. The word “tokamak” is of Russian origin and is an acronym for “TOroidalnaya KAmera i MAgnitnye Katushki” — toroidal chamber and magnetic coils. The magnetic field necessary to keep the hot plasma inside the toroidal chamber is generated as a combination of the field of the toroidal coils and the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the plasma. Since the current in the plasma is induced on the transformer principle, the tokamak is a pulse device.
Source
https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/glossary/tokamak
has super-classes
fusion reactor c
has sub-classes
divertor tokamak c, spherical tokamak c

tokamak componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#tokamak_component

has super-classes
device component c
has sub-classes
blanket module c, diagnostic port c, divertor c, first wall c, heating system c, limiter c, vacuum vessel c

tokamak plasmac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#tokamak_plasma

has super-classes
plasma c

toroidal field coilc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#toroidal_field_coil

has super-classes
magnet system c

transport processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#transport_process

has super-classes
physics process c

turbulence processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#turbulence_process

has super-classes
physics process c

vacuum vesselc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#vacuum_vessel

has super-classes
tokamak component c

wall released speciesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/fuel#wall_released_species

has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
desorbed gas c, sputtered impurity c

Annotation Properties

abstractap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract

affiliationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/affiliation

alt Labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

code Repositoryap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeRepository

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

definition Propertyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/mod#definitionProperty

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

has Partap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart

has Representation Languageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/mod#hasRepresentationLanguage

has Syntaxap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/mod#hasSyntax

homepageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage

identifierap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/identifier

issuedap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

modifiedap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

nameap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name

nameap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/name

pref Label Propertyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/mod#prefLabelProperty

preferred Namespace Prefixap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred Namespace Uriap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

statusap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/mod#status

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

versionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#version

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.